Enhancing GPSR routing protocol based on Velocity and Density for real-time urban scenario

Abstract

The main goal of VANET is to improve the traffic safety, by minimizing the number of road accidents. Hence, a reliable and rapid communication is crucial for vehicles. However, the high dynamic topology of VANETs, the frequently link breakage problem and the high speed of vehicles have brought great challenges to the routing design of VANETs. It is difficult for existing routing protocols for WSN and MANETs to adapt the high dynamics of vehicular networks. Therefore, various number of routing protocols have been proposed to deal with the specific characteristics of VANETs. GPSR for Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing is the most popular protocol, but it still suffers from frequent link breakages issue due to the high-mobility of vehicles, which cause a low PDR and throughput. In this investigation, we introduce two new strategies to enhance the classical GPSR protocol, by reducing the problem of link breakages and getting a stable route that improve the PDR and throughput in addition to reduce the routing overhead. The two proposed routing protocols E-GPSR and DVA-GPSR guide the selection of the next hop node based not only on the position but also on other important metrics of the participating nodes. Simulation results show that DVA-GPSR and E-GPSR protocols perform remarkably GPSR in terms of PDR, throughput, and routing overhead by varying the number of vehicles in a real urban scenario.