Acute exogenous lipoid pneumonia due to foreign body aspiration in a child- an unusual and sinister presentation: A case report

Abstract

Background: Acute exogenous lipoid pneumonia is an extremely rare pathology in children and occurs because of aspiration of oil or lipid-containing material. The presentation and radiological findings vary widely and the exact mechanism of injury to the lungs is not clear. Case Presentation: An 18-month-old girl presented with gradually increasing swelling and subcutaneous emphysema over the chest wall, neck, and face. The investigation revealed pneumomediastinum, pneumorachis, and soft tissue density in the left bronchus. The child underwent rigid bronchoscopy and retrieval of an organic foreign body. Conclusion: Acute exogenous lipoid pneumonia can occur in children because of aspiration of oil-secreting organic foreign body. The presentation can be atypical, clinical suspicion and early diagnosis with timely intervention are crucial for the appropriate management.