OrbitCast: Exploiting Mega-Constellations for Low-Latency Earth Observation

Zeqi Lai, Qianxia Wu, Hewu Li, M. Lv, Jianping Wu
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引用次数: 20

Abstract

Satellite-based Earth Observation (EO) systems are gaining popularity and widely used in many time-sensitive scenarios, including disaster monitoring, emergency response, forecasting and defense. Existing efforts for gathering EO data mainly rely on either ground station networks or geostationary (GEO) satellites. However, our quantitative analysis reveals that existing approaches are either limited as their achievable latency is far away from the desired value due to the insufficient coverage of ground stations, or hard to scale as the number of sensing satellites increases because of the high cost of GEO satellite relays.This paper explores the feasibility and performance of a novel approach that leverages emerging low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations to enable low-latency and scalable EO data delivery from space. We present OrbitCast, a hybrid EO data delivery architecture upon LEO constellations and geo-distributed ground stations to forward EO data from the source remote sensing satellite to a collection of end users. To handle the network dynamicity caused by LEO satellite movements and achieve stable communication over the satellite network, we propose a geo-location driven scheme to forward and deliver data packets. To demonstrate the effectiveness of OrbitCast, we build a testbed driven by public constellation information and implement the OrbitCast prototype on top of the testbed. Extensive realistic-data-driven simulations demonstrate that OrbitCast can significantly reduce the latency as compared to other state-of-the-art approaches, and complete the data delivery within five minutes for representative EO data traffic.
OrbitCast:利用巨型星座进行低延迟地球观测
基于卫星的地球观测(EO)系统越来越受欢迎,并广泛应用于许多时间敏感的场景,包括灾害监测、应急响应、预测和防御。目前收集地球观测数据的工作主要依靠地面站网络或地球静止卫星。然而,我们的定量分析表明,现有的方法要么是有限的,因为它们的可实现延迟距离期望值很远,因为地面站的覆盖不足,或者是难以扩展,因为遥感卫星数量的增加,因为地球同步轨道卫星中继的高成本。本文探讨了一种新方法的可行性和性能,该方法利用新兴的低地球轨道(LEO)星座实现低延迟和可扩展的EO数据从太空传输。我们提出了OrbitCast,这是一种基于低轨道星座和地理分布式地面站的混合EO数据传输架构,用于将来自源遥感卫星的EO数据转发给最终用户集合。为了处理低轨卫星运动引起的网络动态性,实现卫星网络的稳定通信,提出了一种地理位置驱动的数据包转发和发送方案。为了验证OrbitCast的有效性,我们建立了一个由公共星座信息驱动的测试平台,并在该平台上实现了OrbitCast原型。广泛的现实数据驱动模拟表明,与其他最先进的方法相比,OrbitCast可以显著减少延迟,并在5分钟内完成代表性EO数据流量的数据传输。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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