Microplastics: Emerging Pollutants for Indonesian Marine and Fishery Environment

Abstract

: Pollution of microplastics (plastic particles <5 mm) is becoming global concern, including Indonesia. Microplastics may present in the aquatic environment as a consequence of plastic macrodebris pollution. Microplastics are mainly contributed from the degradation of plastic debris with additional sources from cosmetic ingredient and other polymer applications. Concern on microplastic pollution in Indonesian marine and fishery ecosystem is relatively new, as the first study was just started in 2015 compared to that of globally in 2004. Similarly, studies on macroplastic (marine litter) in Indonesia was started in 1997, while in other parts of the world has been conducted since 1969. Based on the studies which are so far conducted predominantly around Java Island, Indonesian waters are among potential ecosystem for macro and microplastic pollution, either delivered from local terrestrial area or possible transported from international waters. Since microplastics may be exposed to seafood in concerned study areas, they may pose adverse effects, either to seafood species or human health. Established global and national legislation and action plans need to be implemented practically in order to protect Indonesian waters from massively pollution of macro and microplastic, as well as developing bio-technology alternatives and enhancing social responsibilities.