Zika virus, the way forward: Nigeria as case study

E. Modo, F. Okoro, B. O. Orji, Rex-Clovis C. Njoku
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Abstract

Zika Virus is a flavivirus that is responsible for an unprecedented current epidemic. It is an emerging mosquito borne virus that is a (+) sense single-stranded RNA virus from the Flaviviridae virus family, Flavivirus genre and the Zika virus specie. Zika virus bears a complex genome and virion structure. Its reproductive cycle in host cell involves virion endocytosis that allows entrance into host cell. Zika virus infection gives symptoms that are usually mild and last for few days and infection can be easily transferred from infected mosquitoes, from a pregnant woman to her fetus, sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, and laboratory exposure. Several methods are made available for the diagnosis of this infection and several ways to prevent this infection such as elimination and control of mosquito, prevention of mosquito bites and public awareness about Zika and mosquitoes. No vaccines are available for treatment yet but common medications are advised for symptoms. The virus has been associated with fetal microcephaly in humans. Information is provided for the epidemiology of Zika virus to evaluate the level of risk for people who may be planning to travel to or are recently returning from areas with possible local transmission. In the African region this is done considering a number of factors and cases in the past. The rapid development of a safe and effective vaccine, genetically modified mosquitoes, use of bacteria, and other innovations are currently worked on to curb the spread of Zika virus.
寨卡病毒,前进的道路:尼日利亚作为案例研究
寨卡病毒是一种黄病毒,它导致了目前前所未有的流行病。它是一种新兴的蚊媒病毒,是一种(+)感单链RNA病毒,来自黄病毒科病毒科、黄病毒类型和寨卡病毒种。寨卡病毒具有复杂的基因组和病毒粒子结构。它在宿主细胞内的繁殖周期包括病毒粒子的内吞作用,从而进入宿主细胞。寨卡病毒感染的症状通常很轻微,持续几天,感染很容易通过受感染的蚊子、孕妇向胎儿、性交、输血和实验室接触传播。有几种方法可用于诊断这种感染,也有几种方法可用于预防这种感染,如消灭和控制蚊子、预防蚊虫叮咬和提高公众对寨卡病毒和蚊子的认识。目前还没有疫苗可用于治疗,但建议使用普通药物治疗症状。该病毒与人类胎儿小头症有关。为寨卡病毒流行病学提供信息,以评估可能计划前往或最近从可能存在本地传播的地区返回的人的风险水平。在非洲区域,这样做是考虑到过去的一些因素和案例。为了遏制寨卡病毒的传播,目前正在快速开发安全有效的疫苗、转基因蚊子、使用细菌和其他创新手段。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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