Cross-field haptics: push-pull haptics combined with magnetic and electrostatic fields

Abstract

The representation of texture is a major concern during fabrication and manufacturing in many industries. Thus, the approach for fabricating everyday objects and the digital expression of their textures before fabrication process has become a popular research area. Although it is easy to change the texture of objects in the digital world (i.e. just setting texture parameters), it is difficult to achieve this in the real world.