Life expectancy and productivity of sows of different types of adaptation

Abstract

The paper presents the results of studies of life expectancy and reproductive qualities of sows of plus-adaptive, modal and minus-adaptive types of adaptation, the criteria for the selection of highly productive animals according to the index "pig-uterus adaptation type (TASv) (methodology of the author of the article) is determined, the economic efficiency of the use of animals in experimental groups is calculated The research was carried out in the agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region and the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State University "Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Sciences". The work was carried out according to the scientific research program No. 31 "Genetic improvement of agricultural animals, their reproduction and preservation of biodiversity (Genetics, preservation and reproduction of biological resources in animal husbandry)". Evaluation of sows by indicators of long-term adaptation and reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: life expectancy, months; duration of tribal use, months; received farts; all piglets were obtained, goal; received live piglets, goal; multifertility, goal; nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 30 days, kg; preservation of piglets until weaning, %. Biometric analysis of research results was carried out according to the methods of V.P. Kovalenko et al. (2010). The results of the study showed that the sows of the controlled population belong to the I class and the elite class according to the average indicators of multifertility and nest weight at the time of weaning. The coefficient of variation of these traits in sows of the large white breed ranges from 9.48 to 10.02%. Taking into account the intrabreed differentiation of sows according to the index "adaptation type of the sow", a reliable difference between animals of plus- and minus adaptive types was established for life expectancy, the duration of breeding use of the sow, as well as the indicators "obtained farts", "obtained live piglets total, goal", "multifertility, head" and "weight of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 30 days, kg". The number of reliable pairwise correlation coefficients between signs of long-term adaptation and reproductive qualities of sows of the large white breed is 57.14%. This biometric indicator ranges from –0.137 (tr=0.81) to +0.987 (tr=382.10). The criterion for selecting highly productive sows according to the "type of sow adaptation" index is 29.88-45.21 points. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from sows of the plus-adaptive type +2.88%, and its value is +79.51 UAH. / head / farrowing