Granting Conscientious Exemptions: The Need to Take Sides

Y. Nehushtan
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Abstract

There are several possible views of the proper way in which the state should respond to claims to be granted conscientious exemptions. This article discusses, and ultimately rejects, two main approaches to the issue of granting conscientious exemptions: the neutral approach and the ‘equal-regard’ approach. According to the neutral approach the decision whether to grant an exemption should not be affected, at least not directly, by the content of a person’s conscience. The equal-regard approach suggests that, when an exemption is granted to a non-religious conscientious objector, an exemption should also be granted to his equivalent religious objector, and vice versa. It is suggested that the state has to take sides and to evaluate the content of one’s conscience in order to decide whether to grant him an exemption from the law. The general argument that intolerance should normally not be tolerated provides one reason, among others, why the content of someone’s conscience is significant when deciding when to grant conscientious exemptions.
授予良心豁免:需要站队
对于国家应以何种适当方式回应授予良心豁免的要求,有几种可能的观点。本文讨论并最终拒绝了两种主要的方法来授予良心豁免的问题:中立的方法和“平等考虑”的方法。根据中立的做法,是否给予豁免的决定不应受到一个人的良心内容的影响,至少不应直接受到影响。平等对待的办法表明,当给予非宗教的出于良心拒服兵役者豁免时,也应给予他的同等宗教拒服兵役者豁免,反之亦然。有人建议,国家必须采取立场,评估一个人的良心内容,以决定是否给予他法律豁免。一般认为不容忍不容忍的论点提供了一个理由,其中一个理由是,为什么在决定何时给予出于良心的豁免时,某人的良心内容很重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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