Facility Location Problem to Identify The Optimal Allocation of Near-Expired COVID-19 Vaccines

Abstract

Coronavirus 2019, popularly known as COVID-19 and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020, has affected billions of people and claimed millions of lives. Leaders and corporations worldwide have worked feverishly to develop a vaccine to combat the virus. After numerous tests and trials, COVID-19 vaccines were developed. Given the magnitude of the need for vaccination, these vaccines should not go to waste due to expiration from slow-paced rollouts or oversupply. This study aims to maximize near-expired COVID-19 vaccines in cases of oversupply by distributing them in neighbouring facilities at a low delivery cost and by utilizing P-median modelling. All gathered data were loaded into and run through the AMPL simulation model, with varying P-values or the number of facilities to be located to act as suppliers to the remaining demand nodes. Following the model simulation, it was observed that the P-value is inversely proportional to the cost; therefore, the cost of delivering near-expired COVID-19 vaccines to the demand clusters decreases as the P-value increases. Through the simulation model, the researchers determined which node facilities, if opened, would incur the lowest delivery cost.