Helianthus tuberosus L. in multi-year culture in the North (Komi Republic)

Abstract

The article presents the study results of Jerusalem artichoke four modern varieties’ of the Russian and foreign selection in perennial culture in the middle taiga subzone in the Republic of Komi. Data on plant height, number of shoots, yield of green mass and tubers, safety of tubers after wintering were analyzed. Perennial plantations of four varieties Jerusalem artichoke, starting from the second year after planting over the next five years, and the ‘Vylgortsky’ variety for 10 − 17 years was characterized by high productivity of green mass and tubers. The yield of green mass and tubers varied from 3.1 to 10.6 kg/m and 1.5 to 5.6 kg/m, respectively, depending on the variety and weather conditions of the season. The number of tubers directly correlated with their weight and stability in the conditions of wintering. It has been established that the more tubers are formed, the less they remain in the soil until the next year spring. A comparative analysis allowed to identity the most promising H. tuberosus varieties for use in the North. Varieties ‘Interest 21’, ‘Violet de Rennes’ and ‘Vylgortski’ can be recommended for use as green mass, and tubers for food or as food plants, and ‘Skorospelka’ variety − mainly as an annual and juvenile crop for harvesting tubers.