Incidencia de cardiopatías congénitas en población adulta en el Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga - Cuenca entre 2015 y 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Congenital heart diseases have different degrees of severity, from structural alterations that can put life at risk, to asymptomatic pathologies that may not be detected in childhood. The World Health Organization points out that 18% of newborns with congenital heart disease will not be diagnosed until adulthood. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of congenital heart disease in adult population at Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga in the period 2015-March 2020. METHODS: This is a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study. The universe are all the patients from 18 years of age or older treated in the outpatient clinic and hospitalization. To consider the incidence, we filtered the patients with an ICD- 10 diagnosis of the congenital heart diseases considered, it was verified that the initial diagnosis was made in the HEJCA, in adulthood, during the established period of the study and that the diagnosis has been confirmed by imaging studies. In addition to the incidence, other clinical variables were studied, such as manifestations, family history of congenital heart disease, other diagnosed congenital pathologies, mortality, need for surgery, hospitalization, and days of hospitalization. RESULTS: The incidence of congenital heart disease in adults was 227 in 219 960 patients treated at the HEJCA; 58.6% of the diagnosed patients were female. Most of the patients were diagnosed in the age range of 46 to 64 years. 84.1% were acyanotic heart disease. Atrial septal defect represented 41.8% of all diagnosed heart diseases. The most common manifestations were murmur (36.8%) and dyspnea (27.8%). Only 6.6% of the population did not present clinical manifestations. 29.1% of the patients underwent surgery. Mortality in these patients was 12.3%. CONCLUSION: The incidence of congenital heart disease diagnosed in adults in HEJCA from 2015 to March 2020 was 0.1%. There was a higher incidence in females. The mean age of diagnosis was 48.5 years. The most common heart disease was atrial septal defect, followed by congenital aortic stenosis. The most frequent combination of clinical manifestations was dyspnea and murmur. The mean age of death was 57.5 years, with a mortality of 12.3%.