DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR MONITORING OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS UNDER CONDITIONS OF WILDFIRES

Abstract

The territory of Ukraine is characterized by the occurrence of a large number of wildfires, mainly in mixed and coniferous forest ecosystems of Polissia, Forest-Steppe and Ukrainian Carpathians. The frequency of occurrence and destructive consequences of natural fires in forest ecosystems require the adoption of prompt measures aimed at their prevention, localization and liquidation. Monitoring plays the main role in the process of preventing wildfires, since observation, collection, analysis and assessment of qualitative and quantitative parameters of the state of forest ecosystems, dangerous processes occurring in them, as well as potential sources of wildfires will allow developing and implementing measures aimed at preserving biodiversity and gene pool of forest biocenoses, reduction of material losses, localization of zones of natural fires, termination of the action of dangerous factors characteristic of them. The main field of practical application of monitoring is the information service of the authorities in the conditions of wildfires. Information monitoring system (IMS) is a distributed system of continuous observations, laboratory and other control for assessing the state of forest ecosystems, as well as dangerous processes occurring in them that can lead to a threat or the occurrence of fires, as well as timely identification of trends in their change. The main tasks of the IMS are: assessment of the impact of fires, recreation, pests and diseases on forest ecosystems, identification of the extent of forest damage, formation of an information fund on hazardous factors and processes that can lead to fires, assessment of the socio-economic consequences of fires, preparation of proposals for improvement of the activities of monitoring subjects - executive authorities and local governments on the issues of preventing negative changes in the field of natural security. For the development of the IMS, an object-oriented methodology and Java multithreading technology were chosen. The use of multithreading technology in a distributed IMS made it possible to implement the requirements for simultaneous support of many users, each of which was allocated a separate thread, as well as the separation and parallel processing of information resources. All threads are executed independently of each other, so there is no blocking of users in the IMS, and it is possible to perform several operations at the same time. The basis of the IMS is a database that contains information on forest and steppe fires with an area of over 5 ha, as well as peat fires with an area of over 1 ha. Information about fires in natural ecosystems contains: coordinates, the area of fire and smoke plume, the area of affected forests, natural meadows, farmland, its% of the total area, the presence and number of affected settlements, the presence and number of fire victims.