The Current State of the Problem of Using Landscape Indicators to Assess Soil and Ground Conditions in the Mountainous Regions of the Chechen Republic

Abstract

Book DOI: 10.21467/abstracts.93 landscape with the most completeness and accuracy and reveal its relationship with geological and hydrogeological conditions. In aero-landscape indication a certain terminology has been developed. So the object of indication or indicator is called the recipient component for the purpose of which the indication is made. The physiognomic components used for indication are called indicators; as their most often various combinations of relief and vegetation appear, caused by complex or landscape indicators; if relief forms are used for indication, then they are called geomorphological indicators; if the indication is made by plant communities about geobotanical indicators. Among the indicators, direct and indirect ones are distinguished. Direct indicators are those that have a direct relationship with the indicator and depend on its distribution. Indirect indicators are those whose relationship with the indicator is through some intermediate link in the environment. Direct indicators are very stable and change little in different parts of the range, while indirect indicators are usually regional in nature. By the nature of the object, indicative studies conducted in the mountainous areas are divided into hydroindication, pedoindication, lithoindication and indication of minerals. For the practice of agricultural assessment of the territory, pedo-indicator and litho-indicator studies are of the greatest importance. Initially, in the mountainous regions, only a geobotanical indication took place. At the same time, the work had a predominant litho-indicative character. Indication of soils as an independent task was not posed. In most non-indicative works, it was not the relationship between vegetation and soil that was studied, but the relationship between vegetation and rock. The main modern directions in indicator research in mountainous areas are: a) the development of landscape indication when used as indicators of both landforms and their exposure and vegetation; b) the use of landscape indications to determine exogenous processes in the mountains; c) further development of litho-indication and refinement of its methodology. Further development of this area of research in the laboratory and VSEGINGEO methods under the direction of A.V. Sadova led to the formation of a concept according to which the development of exogenous processes in the mountains can be predicted based on landscape indications. In this case, the starting link is the compilation of a landscape map, which is then interpreted for indicative purposes. Interpretation is carried out by identifying which of the selected landscapes are characterized by certain exogenous processes. This identification is carried out by studying in the field key areas selected within different landscapes, as well as by viewing aerial photographs and fixing manifestations of various processes on them.