How Democratic Practice Matters

R. Fishman
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Abstract

This chapter examines a large range of consequences of what the book conceptualizes as “the Iberian divide in political inclusion,” that is, the major contrast between Portugal and Spain in democratic practice. The analysis shows that Portugal has made more progress than Spain creating employment, limiting poverty, and improving educational outcomes. Contrasts in the evolution of the welfare state are taken up along with explanations for the major difference between the neighboring countries in the magnitude of unemployment. Differences in cultural tastes and in patterns of civic engagement are also examined. The chapter identifies and considers possible lines of criticism of the analysis. Evidence from two important test cases that developed after the book’s theoretical claims had been developed in initial form—namely the exogenous shock of the Great Recession and the conflict over the demand for Catalan independence—are taken up separately in other chapters.
民主实践的重要性
本章考察了本书所定义的“政治包容中的伊比利亚鸿沟”的一系列后果,即葡萄牙和西班牙在民主实践中的主要对比。分析显示,葡萄牙在创造就业、限制贫困和改善教育成果方面比西班牙取得了更大进展。在福利国家演变的对比中,对邻国之间在失业程度上的主要差异进行了解释。文化品味和公民参与模式的差异也被检查。本章确定并考虑了对分析的可能的批评路线。在本书的理论主张以最初的形式发展之后,来自两个重要测试案例的证据——即大衰退的外生冲击和加泰罗尼亚独立要求的冲突——在其他章节中被分开讨论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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