Endobronchial and/or Endoesophageal Bronchoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration in the Diagnosis of Mediastinal and Hilar Diseases of Unknown Etiologies

A. A. Elkholy, A. Abdellah, Fawzy El-Emery, Ibrahim Ibrahim, Ayman Abdelhamid Farghaly, M. Hantera, A. M. El-Saka, Dalia E. El-Sharawy
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Abstract

Introduction: Diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lesions represents a problematic issue for long ago, not only due to various structures that occupy this space but also difficult accessibility to such lesions. Mediastinal endosonography – guided FNA is emerged as a new minimally invasive modality for diagnosis of such lesions. Objectives: to evaluate the role of endobronchial and/ or endoesophageal -bronchoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar diseases of unknown etiologies. Methods: This Prospective observational study was carried out at Tanta University Educational Hospital and Kobri Elkobba Military Hospitals; from December 2017 to December 2019 on thirty patients (19 males; 11 females, age range 17-82 years) presented with undiagnosed mediastinal and or hilar lesions. All patients were subjected to clinical examination, radiological assessment including Chest-X-Ray, CT Chest. Laboratory investigations: CBC, blood urea, serum creatinine and coagulation profile. Twenty-six patients were subjected only to endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) biopsies and four patients were subjected to endoscopic ultrasound using EBUS scope-guided fine- needle aspiration (EUS-B-FNA) after EBUS-TBNA, using Pentax Endobronchial ultrasound and a fine needle (22- Gauge). The procedure was done under local anesthesia and conscious sedation ROSE technique was applied for some cases. Results: Definitive diagnosis was reached in twenty-nine cases, achieving diagnostic yield (96.67%). Malignant lesions were the predominant category; twenty (66.67%), while nine (30%) were diagnosed as benign lesions and one (3.33%) case remained un diagnosed. Also, immunohistochemistry played an important role to reach definitive diagnosis in six cases without further sampling. About (12/30; 40%) of patients were passed without any complications while the others recorded controlled complications without any serious events. Conclusion: EBUS and EUS-B-FNA are minimally invasive, complementary and cost effective procedures with high diagnostic yield for mediastinal and hilar lesions. Addition of immunohistochemistry raises diagnostic value of this procedure.
超声引导下支气管镜和/或食管镜细针穿刺诊断病因不明的纵隔和肺门疾病
导读:纵隔和肺门病变的诊断长期以来一直是一个问题,不仅因为各种结构占据了这个空间,而且很难接近这些病变。纵隔超声引导下的FNA是一种新的微创诊断方法。目的:评价超声引导下支气管和/或食管支气管镜细针穿刺在诊断病因不明的纵隔和肺门疾病中的作用。方法:本前瞻性观察研究在坦塔大学教育医院和Kobri Elkobba军队医院进行;于2017年12月至2019年12月对30例患者进行研究,其中男性19例;11名女性,年龄范围17-82岁)表现为未确诊的纵隔和/或肺门病变。所有患者均接受临床检查,影像学评估包括胸部x线、胸部CT。实验室检查:全血细胞计数,尿素,血清肌酐和凝血分析。26例患者仅行支气管超声引导下经支气管针抽吸(EBUS- tbna)活检,4例患者在EBUS- tbna后行内镜下超声引导下细针抽吸(EUS-B-FNA),使用Pentax支气管超声和细针(22- Gauge)。手术在局麻下进行,部分病例采用ROSE技术。结果:确诊29例,诊断率为96.67%。恶性病变占主导地位;20例(66.67%),9例(30%)诊断为良性病变,1例(3.33%)未确诊。此外,免疫组织化学在6例没有进一步采样的病例中起到了明确诊断的重要作用。关于(12/30;40%的患者无并发症,其余患者并发症可控,无严重事件发生。结论:EBUS和EUS-B-FNA是一种微创、互补、成本有效的方法,对纵隔和肺门病变的诊断率高。免疫组织化学的加入提高了该手术的诊断价值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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