Counteracting Extremism in the Context of Social Relations Digitalisation

A. Artamonov, R. V. Bushmanov, D. V. Vlasov
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Abstract

Introduction. In the Russian legislation there is a definition of the notion "extremism”, the notions "extremist activity", "carrying out extremist activity" are used and the directions of extremist activity counteracting are stipulated. However, in-depth study is required of the nature of extremism, the methods, mechanisms and opportunities of its manifestation, as well as of the evaluative nature of establishing the reasons and consequences of certain actions and statements provoking or encouraging people’s illegitimate and extremist sentiments and actions. The theoretical study of the above issues is required due to the changes in technologies of information distribution, methods of influencing the human behavior and harmful consequences the extremist activity can entail. The article considers the results of the extremism countering legislation overview, analyses the data evaluating the socio-political situation in the subjects of the Russian Federation of the Southern Federal District, discloses the meaning of the notion "extremism" in the framework of the modern methods of countering this type of crime and preventing possible preconditions and reasons for wide spreading such ideology. The study aims at identifying the aspects of concern in extremism counteracting in the context of social relations digitalisation.Materials and Methods. The research objectives are both the notion of "extremism" and its manifestation in various spheres of social relations. The following methods of general scientific knowledge were used: idealisation, formalisation, logical and comparative methods; the empirical and theoretical methods: method of analogies, abstracting, induction and deduction; as well as specific juridical methods: formally juridical, comparative legal, method of legal modeling and legal norms interpreting.Results. Upon studying the Russian legislation in the field of extremism counteracting and its implementation practices, the suggestions were made on the necessity to have a wide-scale discussion and more detailed juridical stipulation of the notion of "extremism", the forms of its manifestation, as well as counteracting facilities, taking into account the modern methods of communication and distribution of information. The significance was proved of extremism prevention and conducting the awareness campaigns called to clarify the governing decisions made at all levels of authority to decrease the possibility of public opinion manipulation and extremist sentiment arising. The analysis of the Russian Ministry of Justice local bodies experience in countering the extremist activity in the socio-political and rule-making spheres was carried out. The attempt was made to find solutions in the topical issues of making the correct governing and rule-making decisions aimed at harmonising the social life and ensuring the security of a person, a society and a state.Discussion and Conclusions. The issues of extremism manifestation, possibilities of its negative influence on the social relations development, state activity, citizens’ and their associations’ well-being are considered through the socio-political situation evaluation done by the local bodies of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation in relation to the non-profit organisations' (hereinafter – NPOs) activity in the subjects of the Russian Federation (their registration, control of the events held by them, receiving the financial support and sources of such support).
社会关系数字化背景下的反极端主义
介绍。在俄罗斯立法中对“极端主义”的概念进行了界定,使用了“极端主义活动”、“实施极端主义活动”等概念,并规定了对抗极端主义活动的方向。但是,需要深入研究极端主义的性质、表现方式、机制和机会,以及确定引发或鼓励人们的非法极端情绪和行为的某些行为和言论的原因和后果的评价性质。由于信息传播技术、影响人类行为的方法以及极端主义活动可能带来的有害后果的变化,需要对上述问题进行理论研究。本文概述了反极端主义立法的成果,分析了评估俄罗斯联邦南部联邦区主体社会政治状况的数据,揭示了“极端主义”概念在打击此类犯罪的现代方法框架内的含义,并防止了这种意识形态广泛传播的可能前提和原因。该研究旨在确定在社会关系数字化背景下,极端主义所关注的方面。材料与方法。研究目标是“极端主义”的概念及其在社会关系各个领域的表现。使用了以下一般科学知识的方法:理想化、形式化、逻辑和比较方法;经验方法和理论方法:类比法、抽象法、归纳法和演绎法;以及具体的司法方法:正式法、比较法、法律建模法和法律规范解释法。在研究了俄罗斯在打击极端主义领域的立法及其实施实践后,提出了考虑到现代传播和传播信息的方法,有必要对“极端主义”的概念、其表现形式以及打击设施进行广泛讨论和更详细的法律规定的建议。事实证明,预防极端主义和开展宣传运动的重要性,这些运动要求澄清各级当局作出的管理决定,以减少操纵舆论和产生极端主义情绪的可能性。对俄罗斯司法部地方机构在社会政治和规则制定领域打击极端主义活动的经验进行了分析。试图在作出正确的管理和制定规则的决定的热门问题上找到解决办法,以协调社会生活和确保个人、社会和国家的安全。讨论和结论。极端主义的表现形式及其对社会关系发展、国家活动、公民及其社团福利的负面影响的可能性,是通过俄罗斯联邦司法部的地方机构对俄罗斯联邦主体内的非营利组织(以下简称NPOs)的活动(其注册、对其举办的活动的控制、接受财政支持及其来源)。
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