Case study on the reliability of unattended outdoor wireless sensor systems

Agnelo R. Silva, M. Moghaddam, M. Liu
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Abstract

Designed to support in-situ soil moisture measurements for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) SMAP Mission, the SoilSCAPE project started more than 6 years ago and currently it has more than 141 sensor nodes and 500 soil probes spread in 7 sites, each one with a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) connected to a central data server by means of cellular text (SMS) and 3G links. These unattended WSNs are among the largest existing outdoor networks (in terms of node sparsity) and they are operating continuously for more than 2 years. All regular sensor nodes employ non-rechargeable batteries and the failure rate due to software and electronic issues is steadily zero during the years. A very high reliability of the system is paramount in order to reduce the total cost of ownership (TCO) of WSN solutions deployed in unattended and harsh scenarios because in many cases the maintenance costs may be multiple times the value of the device to be fixed. Therefore, we designed a Watchdog Timer (WDT) solution which is supported by a special software engineering methodology involving software and hardware modules that are WDT-aware. The main focus of this paper is to describe this novel WDT approach for embedded systems and to analyze its effectiveness for unattended systems, in particular outdoor WSNs.
无人值守户外无线传感器系统可靠性案例研究
旨在支持美国国家航空航天局(NASA) SMAP任务的原位土壤湿度测量,SoilSCAPE项目开始于6年前,目前它有超过141个传感器节点和500个土壤探测器分布在7个地点,每个地点都有一个无线传感器网络(WSN),通过蜂窝文本(SMS)和3G链路连接到中央数据服务器。这些无人值守wsn是现有最大的室外网络之一(就节点稀疏性而言),它们连续运行超过2年。所有常规传感器节点都使用不可充电电池,多年来由于软件和电子问题导致的故障率稳定为零。为了降低在无人值守和恶劣场景下部署的WSN解决方案的总拥有成本(TCO),系统的高可靠性至关重要,因为在许多情况下,维护成本可能是待修复设备价值的数倍。因此,我们设计了一个看门狗定时器(WDT)解决方案,该解决方案由一种特殊的软件工程方法支持,该方法涉及WDT感知的软件和硬件模块。本文的主要重点是描述这种新颖的嵌入式系统WDT方法,并分析其在无人值守系统,特别是户外wsn中的有效性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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