Soil Sensitivity to Wind and Water Erosion as Affected by Land Use in Southern Iran

Eearth Pub Date : 2021-06-06 DOI:10.3390/EARTH2020017

H. Mozaffari, M. Rezaei, Yaser Ostovari

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引用次数: 14

Abstract

Land degradation by soil erosion is one of the most severe environmental issues that is greatly dependent on land use management. In this study, the effects of long-term land use management (including annual cultivated field (ACF), fallow field (FF), rangeland (R), and orchard field (OF)), soil depth (0–10 and 10–20 cm), and soil organic matter content (SOM) on wind- and water-erosion indices were investigated in calcareous soils of southern Iran. Soil samples were collected from four above-mentioned land-use types, and some soil properties and erosion indices were measured. Results showed that the most of soil aggregates stability indices in the surface layer (0–10 cm) of OF were higher than those in ACF, FF, and R, respectively, by nearly 39%, 32%, and 47% for dry mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWDdry); 10%, 10%, and 48% for dry geometric mean weight diameter of aggregates (GMDdry); 21%, 17%, and 15% for water-stable aggregates (WSA); and 11%, 16%, and 31% for aggregate stability index (ASI). Moreover, the mean of the soil wind erosion indicators in OF (0–10 cm) were lower than those in ACF, FF, and R, respectively, by nearly 18%, 24%, and 26%, for wind-erodible fraction (EF); 43%, 38%, and 49% for soil erodibility to wind erosion (K); and 36%, 32%, and 41% for wind erosion rate (ER). In ACF, despite the high clay content, some aggregate stability indices such as MWoDdry and WSA were the lowest among studied land-use types which showed the negative effects of conventional tillage practices. Depth factor had only a significant effect on dust emission potential (DEP) in ACF, FF, and OF. In addition, there were significant and strong correlations between SOM and MWDdry (r = 0.79), WSA (r = 0.77), EF (r = −0.85), K (r = 0.74), and ER (r = 0.74) in all datasets.

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伊朗南部土地利用对土壤风蚀敏感性的影响

土壤侵蚀造成的土地退化是最严重的环境问题之一，它在很大程度上取决于土地利用管理。在伊朗南部钙质土壤中，研究了长期土地利用管理(包括一年生耕地(ACF)、休耕地(FF)、牧场(R)和果园田(of))、土壤深度(0-10和10-20 cm)和土壤有机质含量(SOM)对风蚀和水蚀指数的影响。采集了上述四种土地利用类型的土壤样品，测量了土壤的一些性质和侵蚀指标。结果表明:土壤团聚体稳定性指标中，绝大多数在表层(0 ~ 10 cm) of of比ACF、FF和R分别高出近39%、32%和47%(干平均重径);10%、10%和48%为干骨料几何平均重量直径(GMDdry);水稳性团聚体(WSA)为21%、17%和15%;总稳定指数(ASI)分别为11%、16%和31%。可风蚀分数(EF)在0 ~ 10 cm的土壤风蚀指标均值分别比ACF、FF和R低近18%、24%和26%;土壤对风蚀的可蚀性(K)分别为43%、38%和49%;风蚀率(ER)分别为36%、32%、41%。在ACF中，尽管粘土含量较高，但MWoDdry和WSA等团聚体稳定性指标在研究的土地利用类型中最低，显示出常规耕作方式的负面影响。深度因子仅对ACF、FF和OF的粉尘排放势(DEP)有显著影响。此外，在所有数据集中，SOM与MWDdry (r = 0.79)、WSA (r = 0.77)、EF (r = - 0.85)、K (r = 0.74)和ER (r = 0.74)之间存在显著且强的相关性。

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Eearth

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