Renal calculi and nephrocalcinosis

Abstract

Urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis can be associated with substantial morbidity: stones can lead to obstruction and/or infection, which can lead to loss of kidney function, if not treated promptly. Nephrocalcinosis is often associated with a urinary concentrating defect, predisposing to dehydration. This chapter discusses the underlying causes of renal calculi and nephrocalcinosis, their diagnosis, and the acute and chronic management.