Interactive Human Centered Artificial Intelligence: A Definition and Research Challenges

A. Schmidt
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引用次数: 24

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become the buzzword of the last decade. Advances so far have been largely technical with a focus on machine learning (ML). Only recently have we begun seeing a shift towards focusing on the human aspects of artificial intelligence, centered on the narrow view of making AI interactive and explainable. In this paper I suggest a definition for "Interactive Human Centered Artificial Intelligence and outline the required properties. Staying in control is essential for humans to feel safe and have self-determination. Hence, we need to find ways for humans to understand AI based systems and means to allow human control and oversight. In our work, we argue that levels of abstractions and granularity of control are a general solution to this. Furthermore, it is essential that we make explicit why we want AI and what are the goals of AI research and development. We need to state the properties that we expect of future intelligent systems and who will benefit from a system or service. For me, AI and ML are very much comparable to raw materials (like stone, iron, or bronze). Historical periods are named after these materials as they fundamentally changed what humans can build and what tools humans can engineer. Hence, I argue that in the AI age we need to shift the focus from the material (e.g. the AI algorithms, as there will be plenty of material) towards the tools and infrastructures that are enabled which are beneficial to humans. It is apparent that AI will allow the automation of mental routine tasks and that it will extend our ability to perceive the world and foresee events. For me, the central question is how to create these tools for amplifying the human mind without compromising human values.
交互式以人为中心的人工智能:定义与研究挑战
人工智能(AI)已经成为过去十年的流行语。到目前为止,人工智能的进步主要是技术上的,重点是机器学习(ML)。直到最近,我们才开始看到人工智能转向关注人类方面,集中在使人工智能具有互动性和可解释性的狭隘观点上。在本文中,我提出了“交互式以人为中心的人工智能”的定义,并概述了所需的属性。保持控制对人类的安全感和自我决定至关重要。因此,我们需要找到让人类理解基于人工智能的系统的方法,以及允许人类控制和监督的方法。在我们的工作中,我们认为抽象级别和控制粒度是解决这个问题的通用解决方案。此外,我们必须明确我们为什么需要人工智能,以及人工智能研发的目标是什么。我们需要陈述我们对未来智能系统的期望,以及谁将从系统或服务中受益。对我来说,人工智能和机器学习非常类似于原材料(如石头、铁或青铜)。历史时期以这些材料命名,因为它们从根本上改变了人类可以建造的东西和人类可以设计的工具。因此,我认为在人工智能时代,我们需要将焦点从材料(例如人工智能算法,因为将会有大量材料)转移到对人类有益的工具和基础设施上。很明显,人工智能将使日常脑力工作自动化,并将扩展我们感知世界和预见事件的能力。对我来说,核心问题是如何在不损害人类价值观的情况下创造这些工具来放大人类的思想。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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