Microstrip antennas based on fractal geometries for UWB application

Abstract

The paper proposes microstrip patch antennas based on the fractal concepts, using planar periodic geometries, which result in improved characteristics. The fractal structure properties were introduced for single-fractal layer structure as well as for the both, upper and bottom sides of the antenna. The final structure — double-fractal layers antenna has been optimized to enhance bandwidth and gain of the microstrip antenna. This combination significantly improved antenna performance, our design could support an ultra-wide bandwidth ranging from 4.1 to 19.4 GHz, demonstrated higher gain with an average value of 6 dBi over the frequency range, and a radiation capability directed in the horizontal plane of the antenna.