Nutritional and Mineral Compositions of Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) Tubers from Different Ecotypes in Niger

Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science Pub Date : 2023-03-04 DOI:10.9734/ajrcs/2023/v8i2163

Bori Haoua, O. D. Halima, D. G. Iro, A. Toudou

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Abstract

Nutritional characterization is an essential component for a better knowledge of the different ecotypes of Niger tiger nut. To do this, 20 samples of tiger nut tubers were taken for nutritional investigation, including 5 ecotypes representative of the Niger tiger nut and 15 others randomly selected from the ecotypes collected in the producing villages in the Maradi and Dosso regions. The content of mineral elements was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the content of macronutrients determined by different types of assay. The results showed that the tiger nut ecotypes are rich in lipids (12,00% to 25.20%), carbohydrates (24.50% to 47.70%), fiber (21.90% to 39.40%), protein (2.90% to 11.90%), and mineral elements such as calcium (14.100± 5.44a to 65.380± 19.940), iron (0.881± 0.017 to 15.809± 6.524), potassium (102.800± 2.970 to 308.410± 8.900), magnesium (366.800 ±1.942 to 471.830± 8.927). The fat content is much higher in small tigernut ecotypes with an average of 21.60% than in large tigernut ecotypes with an average of 14.90%. The Copper (Cu), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) contents are significantly identical for all the ecotypes studied. On the other hand, the Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Potassium(K) contents of ecotypes E1(Big tigernut), E2(Small tiger nut), E3(Small tiger nut), E4(Small black tiger nut), E5(Small wild tiger nut), E7(Small wild tiger nut), E8(Small tiger nut), E9(Small tiger nut), E11(Small tiger nut), E12(Small tiger nut), et E15(Big tigernut) are significantly higher compared to the other ecotypes. The study showed that the tiger nut tubers are rich in iron and that the iron composition of the wild ecotype is much higher. Compared to other foods, the tigernut tubers of certain ecotypes studied(E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E7,E8, E9, E11, E12 and E15) are richer in iron than the leaves of Moriga oleifera (3.810 ± 0.120mg/100g), the pods of Vigna unguiculata (7.800± 0.150mg /100g) and leaves of Hubicus sabdariffa (8.270 ± 1.010 mg/100 g).

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尼日尔不同生态型虎坚果(Cyperus esculentus)块茎的营养和矿物质组成

营养特性是更好地了解尼日尔虎坚果不同生态型的重要组成部分。为此，采集了20份虎坚果块茎样本进行营养调查，其中包括尼日尔虎坚果的5个生态型，以及从马拉迪和多索地区生产村庄中随机抽取的15个生态型。用原子吸收分光光度计分析了矿质元素的含量，用不同类型的测定法测定了常量营养素的含量。结果表明，虎坚果生态型富含脂质(12.00% ~ 25.20%)、碳水化合物(24.50% ~ 47.70%)、纤维(21.90% ~ 39.40%)、蛋白质(2.90% ~ 11.90%)和钙(14.100±5.44a ~ 65.380±19.940)、铁(0.881±0.017 ~ 15.809±6.524)、钾(102.800±2.970 ~ 308.410±8.900)、镁(366.800±1.942 ~ 471.830±8.927)等矿质元素。小生态型的脂肪含量平均为21.60%，大生态型的脂肪含量平均为14.90%。各生态型的铜(Cu)、钠(Na)、钙(Ca)和镁(Mg)含量均显著相同。E2(小虎坚果)、E3(小虎坚果)、E4(小黑虎坚果)、E5(小野虎坚果)、E7(小野虎坚果)、E8(小野虎坚果)、E9(小野虎坚果)、E11(小虎坚果)、E12(小虎坚果)、E15(大虎坚果)生态型的锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、钾(K)含量显著高于其他生态型。研究表明，虎坚果块茎富含铁元素，野生生态型的铁元素含量要高得多。与其他食物相比，某些生态型(E1、E2、E3、E4、E5、E7、E8、E9、E11、E12和E15)的老虎块茎铁含量高于桑叶(3.810±0.120mg/100g)、木犀叶(7.800±0.150mg /100g)和虎皮叶(8.270±1.010 mg/100g)。

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Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science

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