Bayani, Burhani And Irfani's Approach In Ijtihad Jama’i In The Muhammadiyah Pandemic Covid-19 Emergency Fiqh

Abstract

Covid-19 had shocked the world because it became a global pandemic in a short time, including in Indonesia.  To counteract the spread, the government through the Ministry of Health has released guidelines for the prevention of Covid-19. These guidelines include recommendations for wearing masks, physical distancing, and not leaving the house, especially for areas with high transmission rates. This has an impact on Muslim worship activities including congregational prayers at mosques and mushalla, so a quick response is needed for this. The Muhammadiyah Tarjih and Tajdid Council, one of the fatwa institutions that was quick to respond to this incident, immediately released several fatwas. The guide was produced through an ijtihad jama’I which was not only attended by Muhammadiyah scholars but also experts from the health sector, by implementing the bayani, burhani, and irfani approaches. The purpose of this writing is to find out how the Tarjih and Tajdid Assembly implements these three approaches in determining the fiqh law of a pandemic emergency, especially in the fatwa of canceling congregational prayers, praying at a distance and praying while wearing a mask. To reach this goal the author uses library research using a descriptive analysis approach to describe the results of the author's analysis. The results of this study state that in these fatwas the bayani, burhani and irfani approaches are used in an integrative, complementary, and perfecting way, not used separately which makes the practical benefits of the three cannot be achieved optimally.