Explaining Drivers' Support For Tolls And Their Toll Avoidance Behavior

J. Yusuf, Lenahan L. O'Connell, Meagan M. Jordan, David Chapman, Khairul A. Anuar
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

There is growing reliance on road tolls for revenue and for highway congestion management. However, there is limited research, in the U.S. context, on how drivers change their behavior in response to tolls. But experiences in Europe and Asia find that drivers respond to tolls through a variety of behavioral shifts. Such behaviors have implications for the revenue generating capabilities of tolls as well as the effectiveness of tolls as a traffic management tool. This research applies the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine drivers' behavioral responses to tolls. We connect a preference for tolls as a funding source, ability to pay, and perceptions of toll benefits to the support for tolls, and, subsequently, to a number of toll avoidance responses. We examine the following toll avoidance behavior: changing home or employment location; changing commute; avoiding travel to destinations that require tolls; and telecommuting or working from home. Using data from a 2014 survey of drivers in the Hampton Roads region of Virginia, conducted nine months after toll implementation, we find that a higher willingness to pay decreases the likelihood of toll avoidance behavior and that the preference for tolls over taxes and the timing of travel impact willingness to pay, as well as race of the driver. Age, gender, education, and race influence toll avoidance behavior. Our findings suggest social justice be considered when developing a toll system, especially the impact on short-term and long-term toll avoidance behaviors.
司机对通行费的支持及其避免收费行为的解释
在收入和公路拥堵管理方面,越来越依赖公路通行费。然而,在美国的背景下,关于司机如何改变他们的行为以应对通行费的研究有限。但欧洲和亚洲的经验发现,司机会通过各种行为转变对收费做出反应。这种行为影响了通行费的创收能力,也影响了通行费作为交通管理工具的有效性。本研究运用计划行为理论来考察司机对收费的行为反应。我们将对通行费作为资金来源的偏好、支付能力和对通行费利益的看法与对通行费的支持联系起来,并随后与一些避免通行费的回应联系起来。我们研究了以下的通行费规避行为:改变家庭或工作地点;改变上下班;避免前往需要收费的目的地;远程办公或在家工作。2014年,我们对弗吉尼亚州汉普顿路地区的司机进行了一项调查,在收费实施9个月后,我们发现,更高的支付意愿降低了避免收费行为的可能性,对通行费的偏好超过税收、出行时间影响了支付意愿,以及司机的种族。年龄、性别、教育程度和种族影响收费避免行为。我们的研究结果表明,在制定收费制度时应考虑社会公正,特别是对短期和长期收费回避行为的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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