Characterization of EDP-305, a Highly Potent and Selective Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist, for the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis

Abstract

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis, is the main cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world. There are currently no approved pharmacological therapies for NASH, underscoring the urgent need for effective treatments. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of metabolic and chronic liver diseases. EDP-305 is an FXR agonist currently in phase 2 clinical trials for Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) and NASH. Here, we demonstrate that EDP-305 is a selective and potent FXR agonist that regulates multiple pathways relevant to NASH progression. EDP-305 exhibits anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory gene signatures in human macrophage and stellate cell lines, as well as favorable effects on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes, including enhanced low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol uptake and decreased triglyceride accumulation. The therapeutic potential of EDP-305 was further evaluated in two murine models of NASH: a streptozotocin-high fat diet STAMTM model and a dietary induced NASH (DIN) model driven by high fat, cholesterol, and fructose feeding. In both NASH models, EDP-305 significantly decreased hepatocyte ballooning and lowered the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score. EDP-305 also significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia observed in the DIN mouse model. Conclusion: EDP-305 is a potent FXR agonist with a favorable gene expression profile for NASH treatment as evidenced by the hepato-protective and anti-steatotic effects observed in vivo. The preclinical characterization of EDP-305 presented here suggests that it holds promise for the treatment of NASH.