Correlation between Family Income and Stunting among Toddlers in Indonesia: A Critical Review

Abstract

Background: Toddlers aged 12 months to 59 months, are included in the nutritional vulnerable group and easily suffer from nutritional problems such as stunting. Based on the results of the Ministry of Health's basic health publications in 2018, the prevalence of stunting in toddlers in Indonesia reached 30.8%. Stunting in toddlers can be caused by several factors, including family income. Objective: The purpose of this critical review study is to review and critique articles on family income with stunting in toddlers, including: abstract, theoretical theory, methodological, results and discussion, conclusions, and recommendations aspects. Methodology: This study, was a critical review of 10 articles related to family income with the incidence of stunting in toddlers from a database of national reputable journals in the last 10 years. Results: Based on the results of a review of 10 selected research articles using cross-sectional and case-control methods, the prevalence of stunting in toddlers was 17.2-59.3%. The majority of families have low income categories, with the highest prevalence of 71.4%. As many as 70% of the articles stated that the results of their research showed that there was a relationship between family income and the incidence of stunting in toddlers with p <0.05. Conclusions: The results of this critical review show that family income is related to the incidence of stunting in toddlers, so it is necessary to follow up on planning and implementing programs to prevent stunting in toddlers.