Teaching the snowball effect on polymer electrolyte fuel cells through visual abstract

Abstract

With the growth of population and industrialization of societies, the need for energy has increased. Due to the limited resources of non-renewable energy and the creation of various types of pollution, they should be replaced. Nowadays, renewable energy systems have been considered due to their compatibility with the environment. Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs) are an example of the use of renewable energy systems. PEMFCs, along with all their advantages, face the challenge of durability. The Snowball effect is a phenomenon that is followed by continuous reactions that reduce the durability of PEMFCs. The cause of this effect is the existence of various heterogeneities in fuel cells, which are controlled by water management through the current management strategy. On the other hand, efficient content training is valuable and necessary because it leads to a better understanding and, ultimately, progress in the field of fuel cells. With the spread of the Coronavirus and the virtualization of education, the need for change and diversity in education became more and more felt. Also, with the advancement of technology, it is better to use all available facilities to improve education. In this article, the effect of snowball and its solution has been easily taught by using new educational methods and visual abstracts.