The Influence of Psychological Factors on Temporomandibular Disorders

Abstract

Introduction Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of clinical problems related to the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and the related orofacial structures [1]. The etiology of TMD is multifactorial. Contributing factors involved in the induction and persistence of TMDrelated pain include trauma, parafunctional habits, occlusal factors, and psychological distress [2]. Based on a biopsychosocial model that is valid for musculoskeletal disorders, etiology of TMD involves psychological, psychosocial, and biologic factors [3,4].