Kidney Complications Due to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation-A Disorder of an Increasing Incidence?

Abstract

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is becoming an increasingly popular treatment considering that it is the only curative option for many malignant and non-malignant diseases. Many patients treated in this way have been followed for two or three decades post-transplant and are presumed to be cured. But, on the other hand, a great proportion of these patients are experiencing long-term side effects after HSCT, including non-malignant organ or tissue dysfunction, changes in quality of life, infections and secondary malignancy. Renal complications caused by HSCT are high and are associated with the development of both acute and chronic kidney failure. So, considering the increasing numbers of HSCT survivors many years after the transplantation, chronic kidney disease due to HSCT is becoming a growing problem and represents a new population of patients who are presented to nephrologists. The three most common forms of chronic kidney disease related to HSCT are: chronic calcineurin nephrotoxicity, glomerular disease after HSCT and HSCT associated thrombotic microangiopathy.