Commentary in Context

Abstract

Books Enhancing neurological functions through bioengineering Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are systems that use electric, magnetic, or haemodynamic brain signals to control external devices such as computers, switches, wheelchairs, or neuroprostheses. Although BCI research endeavours to create new communication channels for severely handicapped people using the patient's brain signals, recent efforts have also been focused on the development of potential applications for neurological rehabilitation, multimedia communication, robotic control, virtual reality, and entertainment. For example, BCIs might restore more effective motor control for people after stroke or other traumatic brain disorders and might increase the efficacy of a rehabilitation protocol. Why are BCIs such an exciting and interesting research area? Throughout human history, major technological breakthroughs have enhanced our civilisation. First, we had the industrial revolution, followed by the electronics revolution, and then the information–internet revolution. What is next? Although the idea of connecting a computer directly to a human brain is not new, our world is on the verge of a new revolution: that of the computer–human– robot interface. Brain–Computer Interfaces is an interesting and unique book written by leading experts and scientists in various areas of the field. The authors attempt not only to review the most important aspects of BCIs but also discuss future trends in BCIs and give an overview of the research of many leading laboratories in North America, Europe, Japan, and China. Various areas of BCIs (both invasive and non-invasive) are discussed, including the three major components of this research field: technologies and sensors to measure neural signals from the human brain; methods and algorithms for decoding brain states and intentions from these signals; and design and algorithms for mapping the decoded brain activity to intended behaviour or action. The book is composed of an executive summary, nine chapters, and two important and very useful appendices. These sections cover the state-of-the-art sensor technology, the biotic–abiotic interface and biocompatibility, data analysis and modelling, hardware implementation, systems engineering, functional electrical stimulation, and cognitive and emotional neuroprostheses. Each chapter is referenced and provides a concise introduction, summary, and conclusion to each topic. The chapters are complemented by well-organised block diagrams, high-quality images, and highlighted practical considerations. Researchers hope to develop the next level of BCI systems using neurofeedback for some selective cognitive event and hope to be able to provide a more reliable communication channel for patients who have severe physical disabilities but intact cognitive functions. Moreover , BCIs …