Conceptualization of Pedagogical Entrepreneurship

Abstract

The European Union (EU) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have stated that education is central to economic and social policy development. Entrepreneurial competence has been topical since 2006, when the European Commission identified a “sense of initiative and entrepreneurship” as one of the eight competencies necessary for all members of a knowledge-based society, however there is still no consensus on what the distinctive elements of entrepreneurship as a competency are. Latvian educational reforms involve changes in the teacher education system in order to have highly qualified, competent, and excellence-oriented teachers who are able to respond quickly to the demands of the labour market and adapt to technological developments. The school reforms also necessitate teachers to create a study process where students develop entrepreneurial competence, which is a new and still vague concept. The aim of the research is to conceptualize pedagogical entrepreneurship through a systematic literature review of the term ‘pedagogical entrepreneurship’ and its components – entrepreneurial skills and teachers’ entrepreneurial behaviour (the methodological approach to teaching, which characterizes entrepreneurial behaviour in the context of education). The present research analyzes 35 publications available on Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate that were published in English from 2011 to 2021. The result of the systematic literature review is the compilation of literature for the terms ‘pedagogi­cal entrepreneurship’, ‘entrepreneurial skills’, and ‘teachers’ entrepreneurial behaviour’ (‘teacherpreneurs’), as well as summarized explanations of each term. The results can be used for further research on pedagogical entrepreneurship and its components. Comprehension of the value of pedagogical entrepreneurship in the context of education will create fertile soil for the effective integration and elaboration of entrepreneurial skills for teacher education students as well as already practising teachers that will support them to implement a competency-based curriculum and be competitive in the changing labour market.