Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles Considering User Behavior

Abstract

To reduce the vehicle energy consumption and vehicle emissions, electric vehicles have been promoted with great efforts in India. Previous studies always focused on the adoption of electric vehicles and the layout planning of charging facilities in a certain area lack of long-term analysis of electric vehicle charging demand development in India. This paper proposes a real time price competitive market structure based on game theory for charging stations (CSs) considering various practical parameters including the waiting time and reputation function. A game theory based CS neighborhood competition model is used to select the charging price that would maximize the profit. Whereas, a CS selection game theory model is proposed taking into consideration proximity of the CS to the EV, number of chargers and a variety of practical and physical parameters. Furthermore, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is conducted to study their impacts on the proposed pricing mechanism.