Timing and Origin of Hree-Enriched Fluorite Mineralization in West Texas and Southern New Mexico, Including Sierra Blanca and the Franklin Mountains

J. Barker, M. Sandoval, A. Mahar, Jay Chapman, P. Goodell, A. Arribas
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Abstract

The main goal of this study is to determine the mineralization timing and origin of the unique Y+HREE (heavy rare earth element) deposit hosted by Round Top Mountain in the Sierra Blanca laccolith cluster in west Texas and compare it to fluorite deposits elsewhere in west Texas and southern New Mexico. Initial operations at the Round Top deposit are underway and the project is estimated to have a mine life of >20 years. Whole-rock geochemistry reveals that the magmatic rocks at the Sierra Blanca cluster are high-K, metaluminous rhyolites. A detailed mineralogical review shows that most of the Y + HREEs reside within the Ca-deficient yttrofluoride, yttrocerite, fluocerite, xenotime and cheralite. New zircon and xenotime U-Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronology data from the Sierra Blanca area indicate magmatism occurred from 38-34 Ma. Inherited zircon show a cluster of ~1.1 Ga dates, which suggest the involvement of granitic basement similar to the 1.1 Ga Red Bluff Granite exposed in the Franklin Mountains. Zircon Lu-Hf (-4 to -10 εHf t ) and zircon δ 18 O (5.5-6.5 ‰) isotopic data from the Sierra Blanca area suggest enriched mantle-derived magma sources. Fluorite from the Organ Mountains caldera (ca. 36 Ma) and the Red Bluff Granite was investigated using LA-ICP-MS for U-Pb dating and REE concentrations to compare with the Round Top deposit. Fluorite from the Organ Mountains contained significant common Pb and did not yield reliable ages, but the data suggests that mineralization occurred during the Cenozoic. Fluorite from the Red Bluff Granite is significantly more enriched in REE (~9000 ppm REE+Y) than the Organ Mountains fluorite (~400 ppm REE+Y). In addition to fluorite, another purple-colored, REE-bearing mineral was identified in the Red Bluff Granite that is tentatively thought to be hydrothermal zircon with up to 10 wt. % REE=Y. U-Pb analysis of this mineral yields an age of 1.05 ± 0.05 Ga. These new data and our ongoing investigations will help provide a more comprehensive understanding of the genesis of the Round Top HREEs deposit and the generation of REE-enriched fluorite mineralization throughout the region.
西德克萨斯和新墨西哥南部(包括布兰卡山和富兰克林山脉)富三萤石成矿的时间和成因
本研究的主要目的是确定德克萨斯州西部Sierra Blanca laccolith集群中的Round Top Mountain特有的Y+HREE(重稀土元素)矿床的成矿时间和成因,并将其与德克萨斯州西部和新墨西哥州南部其他地方的萤石矿床进行比较。Round Top矿床的初始作业正在进行中,该项目预计矿山寿命>20年。全岩地球化学结果表明,塞拉布兰卡岩浆岩为高钾成矿流纹岩。详细的矿物学分析表明,大部分Y + hree分布在缺钙的三氟化钇、钙铈矿、氟铈矿、铁钇矿和绿晶石中。Sierra Blanca地区的新锆石和xenotime U-Pb LA-ICP-MS年代学资料表明岩浆活动发生在38-34 Ma。继承锆石显示一组~1.1 Ga的年代,表明其参与了与富兰克林山脉1.1 Ga红崖花岗岩相似的花岗岩基底。Sierra Blanca地区的锆石Lu-Hf (-4 ~ -10 εHf t)和锆石δ 18 O(5.5 ~ 6.5‰)同位素数据表明地幔源岩浆富集。利用LA-ICP-MS对风琴山火山口(约36 Ma)和红崖花岗岩中的萤石进行了U-Pb定年和REE浓度测定,并与Round Top矿床进行了比较。风琴山的萤石中含有大量的普通铅,不能给出可靠的年龄,但资料表明成矿作用发生在新生代。红崖花岗岩萤石的REE (~9000 ppm REE+Y)含量明显高于风琴山萤石(~400 ppm REE+Y)。除了萤石外,在红崖花岗岩中还发现了另一种紫色的含稀土矿物,初步认为它是热液锆石,稀土=Y含量高达10 wt. %。该矿物的U-Pb年龄为1.05±0.05 Ga。这些新数据和我们正在进行的研究将有助于更全面地了解圆顶hree矿床的成因和整个地区富ree萤石矿化的成因。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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