Federalism and the Construction of Protection from Betsy to Katrina

M. Go
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Abstract

Chapter 2 builds a historical narrative on how New Orleans’s civic actors influenced policies and politics around emergency management at the federal, state, and local level. This chapter focuses on the ways in which citizen requests have influenced the federal, state, and local governments. This has been done in two ways. First, civic actors urged the federal government to pursue structural solutions by constructing levees and drainage systems around flood-prone areas. Through browsing these documents, we can get a glimpse of how the perception of natural disasters had been constructed prior to Katrina’s landfall. To government officials and residents alike, disasters were considered as infrequent disruptions from which the city of New Orleans had to be protected, and the protection was mainly provided by the federal government’s engineering and insurance programs. The expanding protection instilled residents with an elevated sense of security and justified rebuilding in vulnerable regions. Second, because of the federal protection, the Louisiana and New Orleans governments have developed policies that minimize investment in long-term hazard mitigation for the sake of economic development.
联邦主义与从贝琪到卡特里娜的保护建设
第二章对新奥尔良的公民行为者如何影响联邦、州和地方层面的应急管理政策和政治进行了历史叙述。本章主要讨论公民的要求是如何影响联邦、州和地方政府的。这是通过两种方式实现的。首先,民间行动者敦促联邦政府寻求结构性解决方案,在洪水易发地区周围修建堤坝和排水系统。通过浏览这些文件,我们可以一窥在卡特里娜飓风登陆之前,人们对自然灾害的看法是如何形成的。对于政府官员和居民来说,灾害被认为是不常见的破坏,新奥尔良市必须受到保护,而保护主要是由联邦政府的工程和保险计划提供的。不断扩大的保护给居民灌输了一种更高的安全感,使他们有理由在脆弱地区进行重建。其次,由于联邦政府的保护,路易斯安那州和新奥尔良政府制定了政策,为了经济发展,尽量减少对长期减灾的投资。
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