Energy Management Strategies for Educational Campus Buildings in a Virtual Power Plant Environment with Demand Response

N. Dahlan, Kader Saddiq Kader Ridzwan, S. S. Sivaraju, T. T. Putra
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Abstract

The electricity consumption in educational campuses in Malaysia continues to increase as more education buildings are developed to accommodate approximately one million students' placements as highlighted by Malaysia's Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) in its Education Development Plan 2015–2025. Concurrently, the distributed energy resources mainly solar photovoltaic in Malaysia has increased over the past few years as the nation is moving towards a sustainable energy development. Therefore, an efficient way to pursue these agendas should be developed through integrated approaches to optimise the overall usage of energy in educational campuses. This paper aims to study on the technoeconomic of a microgrid system with grid-connected photovoltaic and battery storage in a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) environment. The VPP operates to manage the energy in an economical way. The energy management strategy is analysed for several buildings in Universiti Teknologi MARA in Shah Alam, Selangor as a case study. In this study, the buildings inside the campus are being connected as a microgrid by performing simulation for three different models (Grid-PV-Diesel Generator, Grid-PV-Battery, Diesel Generator-PV-Battery) using HOMER software. The buildings' load profile, solar irradiation data and other electrical and grid component's parameters are provided to minimise the system's Net Present Cost (NPC). The findings show that the Grid-PV-Diesel generator has the lowest cost. However, considering grid rates hike, the Diesel Generator-PV-Battery show a better result as it is not influenced by any grid rates fluctuations. Therefore, this study would further enhance the public agenda as a public educational institute to support the current changing sustainable energy development.
基于需求响应的虚拟电厂环境下教育校园建筑能源管理策略
马来西亚高等教育部(MOHE)在其2015-2025年教育发展计划中强调,随着更多的教育建筑被开发以容纳大约100万名学生,马来西亚教育校园的用电量继续增加。与此同时,随着马来西亚朝着可持续能源发展的方向发展,以太阳能光伏为主的分布式能源在过去几年中有所增加。因此,应该通过综合方法来优化教育校园的整体能源使用,从而制定一种有效的方式来实现这些议程。本文旨在研究虚拟电厂(VPP)环境下光伏与电池储能并网的微电网系统的技术经济问题。VPP以经济的方式管理能源。以雪兰莪州沙阿南的玛拉理工大学的几栋建筑为例,分析了能源管理策略。在这项研究中,校园内的建筑通过使用HOMER软件对三种不同的模型(电网-光伏-柴油发电机、电网-光伏-电池、柴油发电机-光伏-电池)进行模拟,作为一个微电网连接起来。建筑物的负荷分布、太阳辐照数据和其他电力和电网组件的参数被提供,以尽量减少系统的净当前成本(NPC)。结果表明,电网-光伏-柴油发电机组的成本最低。然而,考虑到电网费率的上涨,柴油发电机组-光伏电池的效果更好,因为它不受电网费率波动的影响。因此,这项研究将进一步加强公共议程,作为一个公共教育机构,以支持当前不断变化的可持续能源发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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