Markovian approach to model Underwater Acoustic channel: Techniques comparison

F. Pignieri, F. Rango, F. Veltri, S. Marano
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引用次数: 40

Abstract

In the last years, Underwater Acoustic (UWA) sensor networks have exponentially grown in many scientific, industrial and research areas. Wireless underwater communications are required in many application fields, such as real time remote control of seabed and oil rigs, monitoring of underwater environments, collecting of scientific data recorded by stations on the seabed, conversation between divers, mapping of the seabed (in order either to detect objects or to discover new resources), prevention of disasters, and many others. In order to allow these applications, the aspect of physical phenomena affecting acoustic communications cannot be neglected. The shallow-water acoustic channel is different from the radio channels in many aspects. The available bandwidth of the UWA channel is limited and it depends on both range and frequency. Within this limited bandwidth, the acoustic signals are affected by time-varying multipath, which may create severe inter symbol interference (ISI) and large Doppler shifts and spreads. These characteristics restrict the range and bandwidth for the reliable communications. Many works have already treated underwater acoustic channel modeling problem, however, at the best of our knowledge, they work only at the bit level and they are not suitable for those contexts in which a high level model is required. For this purpose, our paper discusses about a high level channel model based on Markov Chain approach for the underwater environment. Finite State Markov Model is developed for Packet Error Rate (PER) evaluation in an underwater channel, using the concept of error trace analysis. Some high level models well known in literature are compared to obtain statistical evaluations in order to find the model best fitting the underwater channel dynamics. Simulation and analysis are made in Matlab.
水声信道建模的马尔可夫方法:技术比较
在过去的几年中,水声(UWA)传感器网络在许多科学,工业和研究领域呈指数级增长。许多应用领域都需要无线水下通信,例如海底和石油钻井平台的实时远程控制,水下环境的监测,收集海底站点记录的科学数据,潜水员之间的对话,海底测绘(为了探测物体或发现新资源),灾害预防等等。为了实现这些应用,影响声通信的物理现象方面不容忽视。浅水声信道与无线电信道有许多不同之处。UWA信道的可用带宽是有限的,它取决于距离和频率。在这个有限的带宽内,声信号受到时变多径的影响,这可能会产生严重的码间干扰(ISI)和大的多普勒频移和扩频。这些特性限制了可靠通信的范围和带宽。许多研究已经解决了水声通道的建模问题,然而,据我们所知,它们只能在位水平上工作,不适合那些需要高级模型的环境。为此,本文讨论了一种基于马尔可夫链方法的水下环境高级通道模型。利用误差跟踪分析的概念,建立了用于水下信道分组错误率评估的有限状态马尔可夫模型。为了找到最适合水下航道动力学的模型,对文献中已知的几种高级模型进行了比较,得到了统计评价。在Matlab中进行了仿真和分析。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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