Where Is Disability in Global Public Health?

G. Krahn
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Accounting for about 15% of the world’s population, persons with disabilities constitute a critical population. Despite a substantial knowledge base in disability and public health, persons with disabilities have been remarkably invisible within general global public health. Public health’s view of disability is shifting from regarding disability only as an outcome to prevent, to using disability as a demographic characteristic that identifies a population experiencing a range of inequities. Alternative models of disability reflect how disability has been viewed over time. These models vary in their underlying values and assumptions, whether the locus of disability is the individual or the environment or their interaction, who designates “disability,” and the focus of intervention outcomes. The United Nations flagship report on Disability and Sustainable Development Goals, 2018 documents that, as a group, the lives of persons with disabilities are marked by large disparities in Sustainable Development Goal indicators. These include increased likelihood of experiencing poverty, hunger, poor health, and unemployment, and greater likelihood of encountering barriers to education and literacy, clean water and sanitation, energy, and information technology. Overall, persons with disabilities experience greater inequalities, and this is particularly experienced by women and girls with disabilities. The COVID-19 pandemic and other disasters have highlighted the gaps in equality and consequent vulnerability of this population. Global disability data have improved dramatically during the decade from 2010 to 2020 with the advent of standardized disability question sets (Washington Group) and model surveys (Model Disability Survey). New studies from the Global South and North identify areas and strategies for interventions that can effectively advance the Sustainable Development Goals. This call-to-action outlines strategies for increasing visibility and improving wellbeing of persons with disabilities, particularly in the Global South. Increased visibility of the disability population within the global public health community can be achieved through active engagement of persons with disabilities. Improved collection of disability data and routine analysis by disability status can provide information vital to planning and policies. A twin-track approach can provide direction for interventions—inclusion in mainstream programs where possible, use of disability-specific and rehabilitation approaches where necessary. The article ends by outlining ways that multiple roles can increase the inclusion of persons with disabilities in global public health.
残疾在全球公共卫生中的地位如何?
残疾人约占世界人口的15%,是一个关键人群。尽管在残疾和公共卫生方面有丰富的知识基础,但残疾人在全球公共卫生中一直是不可见的。公共卫生对残疾的看法正在从仅仅将残疾视为一种预防结果转变为将残疾作为一种人口特征来识别正在经历一系列不平等的人口。不同的残疾模型反映了长期以来人们对残疾的看法。这些模型在其潜在的价值和假设上各不相同,无论是残疾的所在地是个人还是环境或它们的相互作用,谁指定“残疾”,以及干预结果的重点。《2018年联合国残疾与可持续发展目标旗舰报告》指出,作为一个群体,残疾人的生活在可持续发展目标指标方面存在巨大差异。其中包括更有可能经历贫穷、饥饿、健康状况不佳和失业,更有可能在教育和扫盲、清洁饮水和卫生设施、能源和信息技术方面遇到障碍。总的来说,残疾人经历了更大的不平等,残疾妇女和女童尤其如此。2019冠状病毒病大流行和其他灾害凸显了这一群体在平等方面的差距及其脆弱性。在2010年至2020年的十年间,随着标准化残疾问题集(华盛顿小组)和模式调查(模式残疾调查)的出现,全球残疾数据得到了显著改善。来自全球南方和北方的新研究确定了能够有效推进可持续发展目标的干预领域和战略。本行动呼吁概述了提高残疾人知名度和改善残疾人福祉的战略,特别是在全球南方国家。通过残疾人的积极参与,可以提高残疾人在全球公共卫生界的知名度。改进残疾数据的收集和残疾状况的常规分析可以为规划和政策提供至关重要的信息。双轨方法可以为干预提供方向——在可能的情况下将其纳入主流项目,在必要时使用针对残疾的康复方法。文章最后概述了多种角色可以促进将残疾人纳入全球公共卫生的方式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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