Evaluating Social Protection Programs in Tajikistan

Hyun H. Son
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

At independence, Tajikistan inherited an extensive social protection system that included a range of cash and non-cash benefits. While the economy is well into its transition from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy, its social welfare policies still adhere to the methods and approaches of the Soviet period. This is true for social protection, which has both social insurance and social assistance components, and for which benefits are effectively non-contributory in nature in that no contributions are collected from employees. In this paper, we examine the performance of the country's social protection system—essentially public transfers for the elderly and disabled—in terms of reducing poverty, with the aim of identifying its key problems. Since the government provides such public transfers mainly as pensions (i.e., old-age pension, disabled pension, and survivors pension), it merits an in-depth analysis of whether or not these transfer programs reach the intended beneficiaries; that is, how well do they target the intended beneficiaries? Using data from the Living Standards Measurement Survey conducted in 2007, we find that only 43% of poor households are receiving transfers from the government, while 33% of non-poor households receive transfers. This study argues for applying a targeted approach to public transfer programs, including non-contributory pension schemes aimed at the most vulnerable populations.
评估塔吉克斯坦的社会保护项目
独立时,塔吉克斯坦继承了广泛的社会保护制度,其中包括一系列现金和非现金福利。虽然经济正在从中央计划经济向市场经济过渡,但其社会福利政策仍然坚持苏联时期的方法和途径。这对社会保护来说是正确的,它包括社会保险和社会援助两个组成部分,其福利实际上是非缴费性质的,因为不向雇员收取任何缴费。在本文中,我们从减少贫困的角度考察了该国的社会保障制度(即老年人和残疾人的公共转移支付)的表现,目的是找出其关键问题。由于政府提供的公共转移支付主要是养老金(即老年人养老金、残疾人养老金和遗属养老金),因此有必要深入分析这些转移支付方案是否达到了预期的受益人;也就是说,它们在多大程度上瞄准了预期的受益者?根据2007年《生活水平衡量调查》(Living Standards Measurement Survey)的数据,我们发现只有43%的贫困家庭获得了政府的转移支付,而33%的非贫困家庭获得了转移支付。本研究主张对公共转移支付项目采用有针对性的方法,包括针对最弱势群体的非缴费养老金计划。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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