Potential sources and mechanism of invasions of extremely cold and extremely warm air in the Moscow region

Abstract

The plots of monthly regional contribution to extreme positive and negative anomalies of surface air temperature in Moscow in 1949-2019 have been restored. Monthly large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns favoring superheated and supercooled air’s intrusions into the Moscow region in 1949-2019 were obtained. Drivers of supercooled air transfer in cold season are anticyclones centered over the Kola Peninsula, in warm season - cyclones centered over the middle and polar Urals. Transfer of superheated air in cold season is facilitated by cyclones centered over the south of the Scandinavian Peninsula, in the warm season - by anticyclones centered over middle Volga region.