The Godwins, Towns and St Olaf Churches: Comital Investment in the Mid-11th Century

R. Higham
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Abstract

Higham Historical research into the late Old English ruling class has been much pur-sued in recent decades. This essay brings together two of the many major themes emerging from recent work: aristocratic interest in towns and aristocratic church patronage. Their importance—singly, or in conjunction—has been highlighted, in different ways, by a number of authors.1 Here, they are brought together in order to explore possible links between the urban interests of the Godwin family and the building of churches dedicated to St Olaf in Exeter, Chichester and Southwark. This study arises from another enquiry concerning evidence for a comital residence in Exeter in the mid-11th century. This was located in the north-west quarter of Exeter, not far from the church of St Olaf (known as St Olave’s, as elsewhere, from the Latin form of the name). This property was remembered in local tradition and gave rise to the name Irlesbery (in various spellings), found in sources of late 12th-century and later date. Out-er (northern) parts of Irlesbery became the site of a hospital (St Alexius) in the late 12th century. The endowment of the church of St Olaf in Exeter was linked with the Godwins and with Edward the Confessor. Traditions of these endowments survive in a later cartulary of St Nicholas Priory, a Benedictine house founded by Battle Abbey (Sussex). William the Conqueror gave St Olave’s church to Battle by the time of the Domesday survey. The priory, which soon developed immediately adjacent, occupied the central (southerly) part of Irlesbery which, after the Conquest, passed into royal hands. The documentary evidence (hitherto unpublished and complex) for this comital property, its assessment in Exeter’s urban topography and its links with St Olave’s church,
戈德温、城镇和圣奥拉夫教堂:11世纪中期的社会投资
近几十年来,对古英语统治阶级晚期的历史研究得到了广泛的关注。这篇文章汇集了最近工作中出现的许多主要主题中的两个:贵族对城镇的兴趣和贵族对教堂的赞助。许多作者以不同的方式强调了它们的重要性,无论是单独的还是结合起来的在这里,他们被聚集在一起,以探索Godwin家族的城市利益与埃克塞特、奇切斯特和萨瑟克的圣奥拉夫教堂建筑之间的可能联系。这项研究源于另一项关于11世纪中期埃克塞特监狱居住证据的调查。它位于埃克塞特的西北角,离圣奥拉夫教堂不远(像其他地方一样,从这个名字的拉丁形式被称为圣奥拉夫教堂)。这一财产在当地传统中被铭记,并产生了Irlesbery这个名字(有各种拼写),可以在12世纪晚期和更晚的日期找到。12世纪后期,Irlesbery的外围(北部)部分成为了一家医院(St Alexius)的所在地。埃克塞特圣奥拉夫教堂的捐赠与戈德温家族和忏悔者爱德华有关。这些捐赠的传统在后来的圣尼古拉斯修道院幸存下来,这是一个由战斗修道院(苏塞克斯)建立的本笃会的房子。征服者威廉在末日审判时将圣奥拉夫教堂交给了巴特。修道院很快就在附近发展起来,占据了伊尔莱斯贝里的中部(南部),在被征服后,该地区落入了王室之手。这一共有财产的文件证据(迄今未发表且复杂),它在埃克塞特城市地形中的评估,以及它与圣奥拉夫教堂的联系,
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