庐山典型性森林凋落物与土壤质量的状况分析 Analysis on the Situation of Typicality Forest Litter and Soil Quality in Lushan Mountains of China

Abstract

森林凋落物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分，是林地有机质的主要物质库和维持土壤肥力的基础，凋落物与土壤质量的相互关系研究是生态学领域的研究热点之一。以庐山6种典型性森林土壤为研究对象，对森林凋落物与土壤质量的状况进行系统分析。结果表明：1) 6种森林凋落物现存贮量平均值13.99 t•hm−2，凋落物层N、P平均储量分别为119.60 kg•hm−2和12.16 kg•hm−2；马尾松林凋落物层最大持水率最高，落叶阔叶林凋落物最大拦蓄量最大，黄山松林凋落物最大拦蓄量最小；从有效持水率和有效拦蓄量看，6种不同森林凋落物层有效拦蓄能力大小依次为马尾松林 > 黄山松林 > 玉山竹林 > 落叶阔叶林 > 常绿–落叶阔叶混交林 > 常绿阔叶林。2) 6种森林土壤硬度的平均值变化在13.24~25.43 kg•cm−2之间；不同森林土壤容重和磷酸酶活性存在一定差异。3) 6种森林土壤平均pH值变化大致在4.9~5.6；马尾松林地土壤有机质含量最多，土壤全N量平均含量最高；常绿–落叶阔叶混交林地土壤阳离子交换量大于其它林地；玉山竹林地土壤有效P平均含量最少；常绿阔叶林地土壤速效K平均含量最低。 Forest litter is an important part of forest ecological system. It is the main material library of the woodland organic matter and maintains the basis of soil fertility. The relationship research between litter and soil quality is one of the hot research topics in the field of ecology. With 6 kinds of typical forest soil as the research object, the research analyzes the condition of the soil quality and forest litter in Lushan. The results show that firstly 6 different forest litter existing reserves average 13.99 t•hm–2, and the average litter layer of N, P reserves is 117.48 kg•hm−2 and 11.86 kg•hm−2; respectively. Horsetail pine forest litter layer has the largest amount in holding water. Deciduous broad-leaved forest litter has the maximum held amount. Huangshan pine forest litter has the maximum amount. From the effective rate and the effective dammed-up water quantity, 6 different forest litter layers’ effectively held ability is ranked as follows: Horsetail pines > Huangshan pine forest > Mt. Jade bamboo > Deciduous broad-leaved forest > Evergreen, deciduous broad- leaved mixed forest > Evergreen broad-leaved forest. Secondly, soil hardness of 6 different kinds of forest averagely changes between 13.24 and 25.43 kg•cm–2; soil bulk density and phosphatase activity of different forests have certain differences. Thirdly, pH value of 6 different kinds of forest soil changes between 4.9 and 5.6 on average. The Horsetail pines forest land soil has the most organic matter content, and the average quantity of soil total N content is the highest. Evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest’s soil cation exchange capacity is greater than the others; Mt. Jade bamboo forest’s effective soil P content is the least. Under the evergreen broad-leaved forest, soil’s available K content is relatively the least on average.