Co-optimizing Behind-The-Meter Resources under Net Metering

Abstract

We study the problem of co-optimizing behind-the-meter (BTM) storage and flexible demands with BTM stochastic renewable generation. Under a generalized net energy metering (NEM) policy—NEM X, we show that the optimal co-optimization policy schedules the flexible demands based on a priority list that defers less important loads to times when the BTM generation is abundant. This gives rise to the notion of a net-zero zone, which we quantity under different distributed energy resources (DER) compositions. We highlight the special case of inflexible demands that results in a storage policy that minimizes the imports and exports from and to the grid. Comparative statics are provided on the optimal co-optimization policy. Simulations using real residential data show the surplus gains of various customers under different DER compositions.