Difference in phytic acid content and phytase activity between spring wheat variety and new mutant lines

Abstract

Genetic variability in micronutrient bioavailability, which is dictated by low grain phytic acid (PA) content, is limited in wheat varieties. The PA particularly enhances such a problem as it also related to an attendant loss of indigestible complexed nutrients and charged proteins in the waste and results in reduced their bioavailability in both humans and livestock. The new spring wheat mutant lines (M 7 generation) developed on the genetic background of cv. Eritrospermum-35 through gamma irradiation by 100 and 200 Gy using 60 Co, were used for evaluation of grain PA content, the study of time germination on phytase activity (PhyA) and its organ-specific distribution. Our investigation showed the large genotypic variation in PA content of the Eritrospermum-35 100 Gy- and 200 Gy-dosed mutant lines. The 23 mutant genotypes of which mostly 200 Gy-treated lines had s ignificantly lower grain PA content by 1.2- to 3.5-times than that parent, with its lowest mean of 0.78±0.02 mg g -1 in 100 Gy-dosed lines. The variation in PhyA of cv. Eritrospermum-35 and mutant lines was dependent on time germination (3 and 6 hours) and doubling the germination time enhanced grain PhyA to 1.47-fold in cv. Eritrospermum-35, and to 1.36-3.53-fold in mutant lines, indicating that the effect of germination on PhyA was strongly time and genotypes related. Organ-specific distribution (grain, roots, and shoots) of PhyA in cv. Eritrosper-mum-35 and 100 Gy- and 200 Gy-dosed mutant lines different by grain PA content, in 12- and 24-hours seedlings showed a gradual decrease in grains enzyme activity while its level in roots and shoots of both hours’ seedlings was the same. A mutant line numbered 35/1, had maximum PhyA in grains, roots, and shoots of 12-hour seedlings, which exceed the PhyA of cv. Eritrospermum-35 by 3.05-, 3.03- and 8.43-fold, respectively, which is valuable in developing spring wheat cultivars with high PhyA.