Temporal trends of excessive consumption of soda and artificial juice in adults of a county of the Brazilian western Amazon (2007-2016)

Abstract

The Western dietary pattern consisting of large amounts of refined carbohydrates, sugar-sweetened beverage and unhealthy fats is among the leading causes of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in the world.1 Health care costs attributable to obesity and overweight are over $600 billion per year,2 and the trend is to increase as the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing significantly. The World Health Organization projects that by 2025, about 2.3billion adults are overweight and more than 700million are obese. Between 2000 and 2013, the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity increased 25% among adults and 50% among children. By 2013, more than 2billion people were overweight, and of these, over 674million were obese.3 In 2010, it was estimated that overweight and obesity were responsible for causing 3.4million deaths worldwide.4 Among the various factors associated with overweight and obesity, the consumption of sugarsweetened beverage deserves attention, because in the recent years, this consumption has increased in both high-income and lowand middle-income countries.5–7 This increase is worrisome because besides the association with overweight, the consumption of sugarsweetened beverage is associated with cardiovascular diseases, some types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, quality and duration of sleep, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.8–16 In Brazil, the National Food Survey observed that, in adults, the increase in the size of the portion of soft drinks was associated with overweight (PR = 1.19, 95% CI, 1.101.27) regardless of age, sex, income and total energy ingestion.17 Data from the Surveillance System for Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Inquiry (Vigitel) of 2016, point out the city of Rio Branco as the Brazilian capital with higher prevalences of overweight and obesity in adults. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the temporal trend of excessive consumption of soda and artificial juice in adults from Rio Branco, Western Brazilian Amazon, from 2007 to 2016. Materials and methods