Justice

D. D. Raphael
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Abstract

From its earliest roots in Greek philosophy, among the most prominent virtues—and arguably the most important of the social virtues—has been justice. While during this same period political philosophy focused intense energy on understanding justice as a property or quality of societies, discussion of justice as a virtue of individuals mostly disappeared. But justice as a virtue of individual character has, along with the other virtues, regained footing as work examining it has increased not only in philosophy but also in social psychology and other empirical fields of study. This volume aims to demonstrate some of the breadth of that thinking and research. It is a collection of new essays solicited from philosophers and political theorists, psychologists, economists, biologists, and legal scholars. Each contribution focuses on some aspect of what makes us just people, either by examining the science that explains the development of justice as a virtue, by highlighting virtue cultivation within distinctive traditions of empirical or philosophical thought, or by adopting a distinctive perspective on justice as an individual trait and its contribution to a society of thriving people. The book aims to stimulate further work in justice as an individual virtue and in how we can become more just as individuals.
正义
从最早的希腊哲学根源开始,最突出的美德之一——也可以说是最重要的社会美德之一——就是正义。虽然在同一时期,政治哲学集中了大量精力来理解正义作为社会的一种属性或品质,但关于正义作为个人美德的讨论大多消失了。但是,正义作为一种个人品格的美德,与其他美德一起,重新站稳脚跟,因为不仅在哲学领域,而且在社会心理学和其他经验研究领域,对它的研究都在增加。本卷旨在展示一些广度的思想和研究。这是一本征求哲学家和政治理论家、心理学家、经济学家、生物学家和法律学者的新论文的合集。每一篇文章都聚焦于是什么让我们成为正义的人的某些方面,或者是通过研究解释正义作为一种美德的发展的科学,或者是通过在独特的经验或哲学思想传统中强调美德的培养,或者是通过采用一种独特的视角来看待正义作为一种个体特征及其对繁荣社会的贡献。这本书的目的是激励人们进一步将正义作为一种个人美德,以及我们如何作为个人变得更加公正。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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