The 'Object' and 'Effect' Restriction of Article 101(1) TFEU

Abstract

This paper is an assessment of the distinction between the "Object" and "Effect" restriction of Article 101(1) TFEU and their implementation in case-law of the CJEU. The paper critically examines both concepts and the resulting consequences emanating from how the CJEU has so far interpreted the "object" and "effect" restriction concept in case-law. It further provides possible paths to adopt so as to eradicate or minimize the problem.