Tomato Crop Health, Yield, and Greenhouse Soil Conditions after 17 Years of Repeated Treatments of Biofumigation and Solarization

M. Mitidieri, Virginia Brambilla, M. Barbieri, E. Piris, Ramón Celié, E. Chaves
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The combination of biofumigation and solarization is known as bio-solarization. An experiment was performed from 2003 to 2019 in a greenhouse at INTA San Pedro, Buenos Aires province, Argentina (33°44'12.7"S 59°47'58.2"W). Treatments (TRAT) were applied every two years. TRAT evaluated were: 1=Control; 2= Solarization, 3= Biorot, a succession of organic amendments (chicken manure, broccoli, chicken manure, broccoli, tomato, and pepper crop debris, mustard, tomato crop debris, broccoli, tomato crop debris), 4=Biobras based only on the use of brassicas (rapeseed, broccoli, mustard, and Brassica campestris). Treatments were carried out in spring or summer so that a late-season tomato crop could be grown after them. The tomato hybrid planted was Superman (Petoseed), except for the last season where the hybrid used was Rodeo (BHN). Fungal pathogens controlled were Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, Fusarium solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and nematodes like Nacobbus aberrans, Helicotylenchus and Criconemella. Fungi of Aspergillus genera were observed growing on death sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotium rolfsii in Biobras and Biorot. Tomato plants in control showed a higher percentage of dead plants, root rots, and lower root dry matter at the end of each crop. Solarization alone without adding organic matter reduced this parameter in the soil and showed more death plants and less yield than Biobras and Biorot. Tomato and pepper crop debris used as biofumigants produced high yield values and adequate pathogen control. Biofumigation in combination with solarization is an effective technique for managing soil-borne pathogens in greenhouses and is being adopted by horticultural growers in Argentina.
17年反复生物熏蒸和日光处理后番茄作物健康、产量和温室土壤状况
生物熏蒸和日光照射的结合被称为生物日光照射。实验于2003年至2019年在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省圣佩德罗INTA的温室(33°44'12.7"S 59°47'58.2"W)进行。治疗(TRAT)每两年应用一次。TRAT评估分别为:1=对照组;2=日光化,3= Biorot,一系列有机修正(鸡粪,花椰菜,鸡粪,花椰菜,番茄和辣椒作物碎屑,芥菜,番茄作物碎屑,花椰菜,番茄作物碎屑),4=仅基于使用芸苔属植物(油菜籽,花椰菜,芥菜和油菜)的生物bras。处理在春季或夏季进行,以便之后可以种植晚季番茄作物。种植的番茄杂交种是超人(Petoseed),除了最后一个季节使用的杂交种是罗迪欧(BHN)。控制的真菌病原菌有番茄腐毛菌、茄枯菌、罗氏菌核菌和菌核菌,线虫有Nacobbus aberrans、Helicotylenchus和Criconemella。在生物炭和生物炭的菌核菌和罗氏菌核菌的死亡菌核上观察到曲霉属真菌的生长。对照番茄植株每季末枯死率和根系腐烂率较高,根系干物质含量较低。单独日晒而不添加有机质降低了土壤中的这一参数,并显示出比bibras和Biorot更多的死亡植物和更低的产量。番茄和辣椒作物秸秆用作生物熏蒸剂,产量高,对病原菌有良好的控制作用。生物熏蒸与日光照射相结合是一种在温室中管理土壤传播病原体的有效技术,阿根廷的园艺种植者正在采用这种技术。
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