Using Advance Modelling Techniques to Design Diversion for Acidizing, Fracturing & Re-Fracturing

M. Omer, F. Fragachán
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Abstract

Stimulation fluids injected into a reservoir generally take the path of least resistance, i.e., zones of high permeability where often the stimulation is not as important as other critical under-stimulated areas. This leads to under-stimulated zones, which negatively impacts the production, or over-stimulated zones, which might lead to softening of the wellbore rock and, with time, might have also a negative effect on production. The efficiency of a fracturing, acidizing, or re-fracturing treatment depends on maximizing its contact with the zone of interest and uniform distribution in the reservoir. To achieve this goal, existing fluid paths must be efficiently and temporarily blocked, therefore diverting the treatment towards under-stimulated areas, a process known as diversion. The main goal of diversion is to distribute the stimulation fluid across the reservoir uniformly. An analytical model based on computational fluid dynamics and discrete element modelling has been developed to optimize the different parameters that affect an optimum diversion. The parameters that effect the efficiency of plugging are flow rate, PSD (Particle Size Distribution), concentration, carrier fluid, and the displacement rate during diverter injection. The modelling can be customized depending upon the type of application. This paper will summarize an engineering workflow to optimize diversion design and present successful cases globally of biodegradable, bi-particulate diversion applications in matrix acidizing enabling a production increase of 140%, re-fracturing applications (which led to the formation of new fractures in the new zones not previously stimulated), and uniform fracture growth from horizontal wells. We believe that an engineering approach is critical to the success of matrix acidizing, fracturing, and re-fracturing. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of advance modelling and bi-particulate diverters in minimizing the formation damage, evenly distributing the stimulation fluid, and thereby increasing its effectiveness and retarding the softening of rock, and to enhance the production across the target zone. The lessons learned from various applications of these engineered bi-particulate diverters can be applied for stimulation design and planning
利用先进的建模技术设计酸化、压裂和再压裂的导流作业
注入储层的增产液通常采用阻力最小的路径,即高渗透率区域,在这些区域,增产作用通常不如其他临界欠增产区域重要。这就导致了压裂不足的区域,这对生产产生了负面影响,或者过度压裂的区域,这可能导致井筒岩石软化,随着时间的推移,也可能对生产产生负面影响。压裂、酸化或再压裂处理的效率取决于最大限度地与目标层接触,并在储层中均匀分布。为了实现这一目标,现有的流体路径必须有效地暂时堵塞,从而将处理转向低增产区域,这一过程被称为分流。导流的主要目标是将增产液均匀地分布在储层中。建立了基于计算流体力学和离散元建模的解析模型,以优化影响最佳导流的不同参数。影响封堵效率的参数有流量、PSD(粒径分布)、浓度、载液和注入暂堵剂时的排量。可以根据应用程序的类型定制建模。本文将总结优化导流设计的工程流程,并在全球范围内介绍生物可降解双颗粒导流在基质酸化中的成功应用案例,这些应用使产量提高了140%,并进行了再压裂应用(导致在以前未压裂的新区域形成新裂缝),并从水平井中均匀扩展裂缝。我们认为,工程方法对于基质酸化、压裂和再压裂的成功至关重要。结果表明,超前建模和双颗粒暂堵剂在最大限度地减少地层损害、均匀分布增产液、从而提高增产效果、延缓岩石软化、提高目标层产量方面是有效的。从这些工程双颗粒暂堵剂的各种应用中吸取的经验教训可以应用于增产设计和规划
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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