LINGUISTIC AND СULTURAL BIOGRAPHY OF REGIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL OBJECTS AS A MEANS OF FORMING TOPONYMIC LITERACY OF STUDENTS

Abstract

Knowledge of the territory of the region has been developing since the first days of cartography, in the XVIII century. Geography is the knowledge that is necessary to understand the landscape and geographical features of the place of residence, its transformation in the course of economic, historical and cultural development, as well as to prepare the region and the country for tomorrow. It is toponyms that act as living witnesses of the historical past and present of the region, expressed by means of language. The study of toponyms allows us to consider the meaning and origin of lexical units of this layer of the language, its evolution and functioning in the modern language. Deciphering toponyms makes it possible to restore the historical and cultural past of the region and the ethnos: toponyms perform the function of "accumulating memory" historical, event, ideological, linguistic, fixing the history of the region. This has become especially relevant in recent decades, when many geographical objects on the territory of Russia and its subjects are being renamed, old names are being returned to them, which changes the cultural and geographical landscape in the toponymic system of national identity. Toponymy is the most important element of the national educational system. It serves as a means of stimulating and developing interest in the study of the past and present of one's region by searching for links between geographical conditions and their reflection in geographical names. Toponymists investigate, as a rule, the relationship between natural conditions and their reflection in geographical names in order to know all the components of toponymy. The use of regional toponymic material more fully, more clearly characterizes the geographical environment, acts as a means of forming the toponymic literacy of students. The purpose of the article is the formation of toponymic literacy of students on the basis of generalized linguistic and cultural biographies of regional geographical objects. The object of the research is linguistic and cultural biography as a set of lexical semantic and structural grammatical means of representation of ideas about topoobjects objectified on the map and in the catalog of toponymic names. The novelty of the study of the problem of the formation of toponymic literacy of students in the framework of this work consists in the integration of cycles of disciplines of natural science and humanities, while the previous concepts were based on the construction of cognitive activity of students in the study of disciplines of the natural geographical cycle. The structural and semantic aspect of language learning is necessary for the formation of language competence. It is supplemented by the cultural aspect, which forms cultural competence and stimulates the familiarization of students with cultural and nationally significant values of the region of residence. The toponymic fund of the region is one of the resources for the formation of toponymic Proceedings of INTCESS 20229th International Conference on Education & Education of Social Sciences 17-18 January 2022Online Conference ISBN: 978-605-06286-4-7 125 literacy of students. It translates the national identity of linguistic facts describing geographical objects and their historical and cultural specifics. Toponymic literacy is a set of competencies that develops the student's ability to navigate the geographical, cultural and linguistic space of a locality and, based on value understanding, helps the student to enter the world of the surrounding community and the world of his native language and national culture. The article describes the role and possibilities of the catalog of linguistic and cultural biography of regional toponymic objects as a means of forming the toponymic literacy of students. The structure of the catalog of each geographical object includes its comprehensive description, consisting of the following characteristics: the type of toponym, the name in the national language and its pronunciation variants, the name variants (official and unofficial), the municipal area of the object location, the type of settlement (rural / urban settlement), the composition of the population, famous people, the infrastructure of the locality, sights, photographs of a geographical object, the type of geographical object, location, physical and geographical information, geographical coordinates, map, etymology of the name, history, legends, economic significance for the region and country, bibliographic sources. For more in-depth work with the catalog of geo objects, it is advisable to study regional toponymy in the process of extracurricular work. Toponymic material can be collected by the students themselves as a result of a survey of the local population or extracted from written sources. Geographical names are available for observation, systematization and classification, analysis, description, mapping. Under the guidance of a teacher, students can master the skills of linguistic analysis of toponyms, the study of their origin and the establishment of etymology. The analysis of toponyms will certainly require the involvement of such vocabulary groups as common names or appellatives, personal names of people (anthroponyms), nicknames and names of animals (zoonyms), names of celestial bodies (astronyms), names of tribes and peoples (ethnonyms), names of vegetation (phytonyms), names of organizations and institutions (ergonyms), etc., dialect vocabulary, historical events and facts, comparison of visual observations with the reflection of the toponymic situation on the map and atlas. For toponymic research on compiling and updating the catalog of linguistic and cultural biography of toponymic objects, archival materials, documentary, popular science and fiction, geographical maps, schemes and reference books of administrative divisions of different years, dictionaries and reference publications are involved. An important place is occupied by excursions and expeditions to the settlements of the region, visits to museums and libraries, art objects. The practical application of the results obtained in the study consists in the possibility of developing teaching aids and workshops on the methodology of teaching natural geography (natural history, geography, ecology, geography of the region) and linguistic disciplines (history of language, native language and literature, national culture, history and culture of the people), as well as in the development and conduct of new special courses and special seminars for high school students.