Estudio de Casos y Controles: Cáncer de Mama y su Asociación con la Densidad Mamaria Incrementada Visualizada por Mamografía en el Instituto del Cáncer SOLCA Cuenca – Ecuador, 2013 – 2015

Abstract

Case-Control Study: Breast Cancer and the Association with Increased Breast Density Visuali-zed by Mammography at the Cancer Institute SOLCA Cuenca - Ecuador, 2013 - 2015 BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the second most frequent type of cancer worldwide, representing one of the main causes of female mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the association between breast cancer and increased breast density visualized by mammography in women from 45 to 70 years old of the Cancer Institute SOLCA – Cuenca. METHODS: A case-control study was performed; the universe included patients who underwent a mammographic study at the Cancer Institute SOLCA Cuenca – Ecuador during the period 2013 – 2015. The definition of case of control was given by the diagnosis of breast cancer confirmed by histopathological study; the relationship between high-risk breast density (C and D) and breast cancer was evaluated. Descriptive statistics, risk and association analysis were used; data were processed using statistical program SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS: The average age was 55.3 years (± 7.62). Mammary density C and D was associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer OR 8.58 (IC 3.5 - 20.60, p= 0.001). The main mammographic findings present in patients with malignant pathology were: amorphous calcifications p= 0.014, pleomorphic fine calcifications p= ≤0.001, presence of irregular, hyperdense and speculated nodules p= ≤0.001, focal asymmetry p= ≤0.001, distortion of the architecture of fibroglandular tissue p= ≤0.001, cutaneous retraction p= 0.029, cutaneous thickening p= ≤0.001, and the presence of lymph nodes of suspicious morphology p= 0.032. CONCLUSION: Type C and D breast density is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. It is necessary to implement prevention policies that facilitate timely notification, diagnosis and specific management of these patients.